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Common Water Contaminants

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Additives and contaminants

There are听肠辞苍迟补尘颈苍补苍迟蝉鈥痶hat may be present in your water. These could affect the聽feel,鈥痶补蝉迟别, and鈥痶exture聽of the water you use and drink each day.鈥

Additives

According to the American Chemistry Council,

approximately 98% of U.S. public water systems

use a form of chlorine disinfection

Chlorine symbol

Chloramines:鈥疉 Secondary Disinfectant

  • Chloramines (also known as secondary disinfection) are sometimes used to treat drinking water and they:鈥
  • Are commonly formed when ammonia is added to chlorine to treat drinking water.鈥
  • Provide鈥痩onger-lasting disinfection鈥痑s the water moves through pipes to consumers.
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Chloramines are intended to treat your water and kill microorganisms that can cause infectious diseases. But once treated water arrives in your home, there are鈥no tangible benefits to consuming chloramine. So how do you remove it? Chloramine removal at home isn鈥檛 100%, it鈥檚 really a matter of chloramine鈥reduction鈥 which will help you and your family enjoy crisp, refreshing water right from the tap.

Other Chemicals and Organic Additives

In addition to chlorine and chloramine, other chemicals that may be present in water include hydrogen sulfide, fluoride, lead, and iron. Tannins can also be introduced by decaying organic matter. Learn more about the additives below.鈥

We are water Experts

Water quality is non-negotiable. To prove it, we've built state-of-the-art water quality labs and filled them with the best and brightest scientists 鈥 all so we can provide you with the best water of your life.

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Types of Additives

pH Scale

Bacteria and Viruses

Water contamination can be the product of the introduction of bacteria or viruses into a water supply. There are鈥many potential sources of contamination. Click on the plus signs below to learn about a few well-known contaminants and their effects.鈥

E. Coli

E. coli, a type of bacteria found in animal feces, can contaminate water, food, and surfaces. Swallowing contaminated water or food can lead to E. coli infection. This infection spreads easily, directly between people or indirectly through contaminated sources. Common culprits include untreated water, recreational water like lakes, and even improperly handled food.

e. coli particles

Giardia

Giardia is a tiny parasite (germ) found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces from infected people or animals.

You can get giardiasis if you swallow Giardia germs. Giardia spreads easily and can spread from person to person or through contaminated water, food, surfaces, or objects. The most common way people get sick is by swallowing contaminated drinking water or recreational water (for example, lakes, rivers, or pools).

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Legionella

Legionella (LEE-Juh-nell-a) bacteria cause Legionnaires鈥 (LEE-Juh-nares) disease. People can get sick when they breathe in tiny water droplets or accidentally swallow water containing Legionella into the lungs.

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Norovirus

Norovirus is a very contagious virus. You can get norovirus from:

  • Having direct contact with an infected person
  • Consuming contaminated food or water
  • Touching contaminated surfaces and then putting your unwashed hands in your mouth 聽
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Shigella

Shigella (shih-GEHL-uh) bacteria cause an infection called shigellosis. Shigellosis is caused by getting the bacteria on your hands and touching your mouth. Shigella can get on your hands by:

  • Touching surfaces, such as toys, bathroom fixtures, changing tables, and diaper pails contaminated with Shigella bacteria from someone with an infection.
  • Changing the diaper of a child with a Shigella infection.
  • Taking care of a person with an infection, including cleaning up after the person uses the toilet.
  • Eating food prepared by someone with a Shigella infection.
  • Swallowing recreational water, such as lake water or improperly treated swimming pool water.
  • Swallowing contaminated drinking water, such as water from a well that鈥檚 been contaminated with sewage or floodwater.
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Campylobacter

Campylobacter causes an estimated 1.5 million illnesses each year in the United States. People can get Campylobacter infection by eating raw or undercooked poultry or eating something that touched it. They can also get it from eating other foods, including seafood, meat, and produce, by contact with animals, and by drinking untreated water.

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Forever Chemicals

There is a growing concern about an entire class of chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These chemicals are used in a wide variety of industries including fire fighting foam, protectants for cardboard packaging, carpet and clothing. 鈥疶hey鈥檝e earned the nickname the鈥forever chemicals鈥濃痺ithin the scientific community because鈥痭othing in nature will destroy them.

If your home is served by a community water system, you can鈥request information鈥痑bout emerging and unregulated contaminants from your water supplier.

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Some states have launched special programs to monitor and treat for unregulated contaminants once identified in their water supplies.

Private well owners should鈥痗ontact the local public health department. These officials may be aware of unregulated contaminants that have been found in local wells and groundwater.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

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Worried about your water? Take control with our at-home water test kit. We'll analyze your water and recommend the best filtration or softening solution for your specific needs.

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Common Water Contaminants

Alkalinity

Homeowners should test for alkalinity in their water for several reasons:

Protecting Pipes and Appliances:

  • Corrosion:聽Low alkalinity water is corrosive,聽meaning it can eat away at metal pipes and appliances,聽leading to leaks,聽damage,聽and costly repairs.聽Testing helps identify this risk and allows for treatment options like adding baking soda to raise alkalinity.
  • Scale Buildup:聽High alkalinity water can contribute to scale buildup in pipes,聽fixtures,聽and appliances,聽reducing efficiency and lifespan.聽Testing allows for adjustments like using water softeners or installing filters to manage scale formation.

Ensuring Optimal Water Quality:

  • Taste and Odor:聽High alkalinity can give water a soapy or bitter taste.聽Testing helps identify this issue and allows for treatment like filtration to improve taste and odor.
  • Effectiveness of Water Treatment:聽Understanding alkalinity levels helps ensure the effectiveness of water treatment systems like reverse osmosis or filters.聽Knowing the initial alkalinity allows for optimal settings and maintenance of these systems.

Peace of Mind:

  • Proactive Approach:聽Regularly testing for alkalinity,聽along with other contaminants,聽empowers homeowners to make informed decisions about their water quality and take preventative measures to protect their pipes.

Additional considerations:

  • The ideal alkalinity range depends on various factors like location,聽water source,聽and household needs.聽Consulting with 草莓社区's network of water treatment professionals can help interpret results and recommend appropriate actions.

Arsenic

There are key reasons why testing for arsenic in water is crucial:

  • Compliance with Drinking Water Standards:聽Many countries and regions have established maximum allowable arsenic levels in drinking water.
  • Public Awareness:聽Regular testing and reporting of arsenic levels in public water supplies help raise awareness about this potential hazard and encourage informed choices by consumers.

Overall, testing for arsenic in water is crucial for identifying and mitigating contamination and ensuring better drinking water for all.

Chloramines

Testing for chloramines in water is important for several reasons, depending on your perspective:

Public Water Suppliers:

  • Maintaining Disinfection:聽Chloramines are disinfectants commonly used in water treatment for their long-lasting stability and ability to control certain contaminants not effectively tackled by chlorine alone.聽Regular testing ensures adequate chloramine levels for continuous disinfection.
  • Optimizing Treatment:聽Monitoring chloramine levels allows water providers to adjust their treatment processes efficiently,聽minimizing the formation of byproducts and ensuring optimal control of disinfection.
  • Regulatory Compliance:聽Many countries and regions have established maximum allowable chloramine levels in drinking water.

Homeowners and Businesses:

  • Understanding Water Quality:聽Knowing the chloramine level in your water informs you about the disinfection method used and its potential implications.聽For example,聽some people find chloramines create an undesirable taste or odor in water,聽and understanding the level can help with mitigation strategies.
  • Maintaining Water Treatment Systems:聽If you use filtration systems or appliances sensitive to chloramines (e.g.,聽certain fish tanks,聽dialysis machines),聽knowing the level allows you to adjust settings or choose appropriate filters for optimal performance and lifespan.
  • Protecting Specific Needs:聽In cases where individuals have respiratory issues or specific sensitivities to chloramines,聽knowing the level helps them make informed decisions about water usage or potentially seek alternative water sources.

Chlorine, Free

Testing for chlorine is good for various reasons:

In Drinking Water:

  • Ensuring Disinfection:聽Free chlorine is the primary disinfectant used in most public water supplies.聽Testing verifies its presence at sufficient levels to kill harmful bacteria and viruses.
  • Maintaining Balance:聽Too much free chlorine can be harsh and create unpleasant taste and odor,聽while too little compromises disinfection effectiveness.聽Testing ensures its concentration stays within the effective range.
  • Optimizing Treatment:聽Monitoring free chlorine helps water treatment plants adjust their dosage precisely,聽minimizing unnecessary chemical use and potential byproducts while still ensuring proper disinfection.

Homeowners with Private Wells:

  • Monitoring Disinfection Systems:聽If you use chlorine-based systems for well disinfection,聽testing confirms their effectiveness and allows for timely adjustments if needed.

Chlorine, Total

Testing for total chlorine is important to gain a more complete picture and take necessary actions. Here's why:

Understanding the Bigger Picture:

  • Combined Chlorine:聽Total chlorine encompasses both "free chlorine," the active disinfectant,聽and "combined chlorine" (chloramines).聽Combined chlorine forms when free chlorine reacts with ammonia or other organic matter in the water.聽While it has some disinfecting ability,聽it's weaker and can cause unpleasant taste and odor.聽Testing for total chlorine reveals the combined chlorine presence,聽indicating potential issues with disinfection efficiency and taste concerns.
  • Effectiveness Assessment:聽Free chlorine levels might seem adequate,聽but high combined chlorine signifies inefficiencies or insufficient free chlorine conversion.聽By understanding the total chlorine composition,聽you can adjust treatment processes (e.g.,聽shock treatment) to optimize disinfection and minimize combined chlorine formation.
  • Compliance and Regulations:聽In some situations,聽regulations might define limits for both free and total chlorine

Overall, testing for total chlorine provides valuable insights beyond just free chlorine levels. It empowers informed decision-making to optimize disinfection effectiveness, address odor and taste issues and comply with regulations.

Additional points:

  • Remember,聽the correct ratio of free to combined chlorine is key.聽Consult 草莓社区's network of water treatment professionals for guidance on interpreting test results and taking appropriate actions based on your specific context.
  • Regular testing of both free and total chlorine is recommended for comprehensive water quality management.

Copper

Maintaining Water Quality:

  • Aesthetics:聽Elevated copper levels can cause unpleasant metallic taste,聽odor,聽and blue-green staining in water and plumbing fixtures,聽impacting the overall water quality experience.
  • Corrosion Concerns:聽Copper often leaches from corroded pipes into water,聽especially in older plumbing systems.聽Testing reveals copper,聽allowing for repairs or proactive measures to prevent further contamination and potential damage to pipes.
  • Protecting Appliances:聽Excessive copper can damage sensitive water-using appliances like dishwashers and washing machines.聽Testing and managing copper levels can extend their lifespan and reduce maintenance costs.

Fluoride

Managing potential hazards:

  • Overexposure Risks:聽While beneficial at the right level,聽too much fluoride can lead to dental fluorosis,聽causing cosmetic staining and enamel defects.
  • Compliance with Regulations:聽Most countries and regions have established maximum allowable fluoride levels in drinking water.

Hardness

Household Impact:

  • Scale Buildup:聽Hard water,聽rich in minerals like calcium and magnesium,聽forms scale when heated.聽This can damage appliances like water heaters,聽dishwashers,聽and washing machines,聽reducing their lifespan and efficiency.聽Testing helps identify potential issues and plan preventative measures like installing softeners or adjusting detergent use.
  • Soap and Cleaning Product Inefficiency:聽Soap and detergents struggle to lather in hard water,聽requiring more product to achieve desired results.聽This increases costs and can leave residue on skin,聽hair,聽and dishes.聽Understanding hardness helps adjust cleaning routines and product choices for optimal results.
  • Skin and Hair Concerns:聽Some people find hard water dries out skin and hair,聽leading to itchy skin,聽dull hair,聽and difficulty styling.聽Knowing the hardness level allows for adjustments like using hydrating products or installing softening filters.

Water Management:

  • Corrosion:聽While hard water offers some corrosion protection,聽overly soft water can be corrosive to pipes and plumbing fixtures.

Overall, testing water hardness empowers informed decisions to protect appliances, ensure efficient cleaning, address skin and hair concerns, and optimize water treatment systems.

Iron

While iron is an essential mineral for our bodies, its presence in water, even at relatively low levels, can lead to various problems. Testing for iron in water is crucial for several reasons:

Impacts on Aesthetics and Household Function:

  • Unpleasant Taste and Odor:聽Iron imparts a metallic taste and rusty smell to water,聽making it unappealing for drinking and cooking.
  • Staining:聽Iron can leave reddish-brown stains on laundry,聽dishes,聽and plumbing fixtures,聽detracting from aesthetics and requiring additional cleaning efforts.
  • Clogged Pipes:聽Over time,聽iron deposits can build up in pipes and appliances,聽reducing water flow and potentially causing blockages.

Protecting Appliance Functionality:

  • Reduced Appliance Lifespan:聽Iron deposits can damage water heaters,聽washing machines,聽and other appliances,聽leading to premature failure and costly repairs or replacements.

Overall, testing for iron in water empowers informed decision-making. By understanding its presence and potential impacts, you can:

  • Improve Water Quality:聽Implement treatment solutions like filtration or aeration to reduce iron,聽enhancing the taste,聽odor,聽and clarity of your water.
  • Protect Appliances:聽Take preventative measures to extend the lifespan of your water-using appliances.
  • Ensure Compliance:聽Meet local regulations and contribute to drinking water standards.
  • Make Informed Choices:聽Choose appropriate water sources or treatment options based on your iron levels and preferences.

Additional points:

  • The severity of iron-related problems depends on the concentration in your water.
  • Consult a 草莓社区 water treatment partner for guidance on interpreting test results and choosing appropriate treatment solutions.

Lead

Identifying the Source:

  • Multiple Potential Sources:聽Lead can enter your home's water through various sources,聽including lead pipes,聽solder in older plumbing,聽and brass fixtures.聽Testing helps pinpoint the source of contamination,聽directing targeted remediation efforts.
  • Taking Necessary Action:聽Based on the test results,聽you can take appropriate action like replacing lead pipes,聽installing filters,聽or finding alternative water sources to reduce the lead exposure risk.

Regulatory Compliance:

  • Lead and Copper Rule:聽Many regions have regulations like the Lead and Copper Rule in the US,聽requiring testing for lead in public water supplies and some private wells.

Additional points:

  • Even if your home was built after lead pipes were banned,聽there might still be lead solder or brass fixtures contributing to contamination.
  • Testing options range from DIY kits to professional analysis,聽offering varying levels of accuracy and detail. For best results, consult with a 草莓社区 water treatment partner for guidance on testing and remediation measures.

Manganese

Impacting Water Quality:

  • Unpleasant Taste and Odor:聽High manganese levels can impart a metallic or bitter taste and an unpleasant odor to your water,聽making it unappealing for drinking and cooking.
  • Staining:聽Manganese can cause brown or black staining on laundry,聽dishes,聽and plumbing fixtures,聽detracting from aesthetics and requiring additional cleaning efforts.聽Understanding your manganese levels allows for appropriate water treatment choices to prevent staining.

Additional Benefits:

  • Compliance with Regulations:聽In some regions,聽there might be regulations for manganese levels in drinking water.聽Testing ensures compliance with these regulations and helps avoid potential issues.

Additional points:

  • Professional laboratory analysis, like the 草莓社区 Water Lab,聽offers the highest level of accuracy and detail.
  • By being mindful of the importance of manganese testing and taking necessary actions, you can ensure a more enjoyable water experience for yourself and your family.

Nitrate

Understanding Water Quality:

  • Identifying Contamination Sources:聽Nitrates naturally occur in soil and water.聽However,聽agricultural practices,聽fertilizers,聽and septic systems can increase levels.聽Testing helps pinpoint potential contamination sources and allows for informed decisions about water treatment or seeking alternative water sources.
  • Monitoring Effectiveness of Treatment Aystems:聽If you use a nitrate removal system,聽regular testing ensures its effectiveness and informs when maintenance or replacement is needed.

Additional Considerations:

  • Regulations and Recommended Limits:聽Most regions have established maximum permissible nitrate levels in drinking water.
  • Taking Action:聽Depending on your test results,聽actions might include seeking alternative water sources,聽installing 草莓社区 water treatment systems,聽or adjusting agricultural practices if relevant.

pH

Protecting Pipes and Appliances:

  • Corrosion:聽Water with excessively high or low pH levels can be corrosive,聽eroding metal pipes and damaging appliances like water heaters and dishwashers.聽This can lead to leaks,聽reduced lifespan,聽and costly repairs.聽Testing helps identify potential concerns and allows for adjustments like adding baking soda (for low pH) or vinegar (for high pH) to neutralize the water and help prevent damage.
  • Scale Buildup:聽Hard water with high pH tends to form scale deposits in pipes and appliances,聽reducing water flow and efficiency.聽Understanding pH helps determine if a water softener is necessary to prevent these issues and protect your plumbing system.

Ensuring Optimal Water Quality:

  • Taste and Odor:聽Water with imbalanced pH can have an unpleasant taste,聽metallic tang,聽or soapy feel.
  • Effectiveness of Water Treatment:聽Understanding your water's pH aids in choosing and maintaining the right water treatment solutions.聽For example,聽reverse osmosis systems perform best with specific pH ranges,聽and knowing your levels ensures optimal performance and efficiency.

Peace of Mind:

  • Proactive Approach:聽Regularly testing pH empowers you to proactively address potential issues before they cause damage or impact your water quality.聽This provides peace of mind and allows for informed decisions regarding your water management and appliance lifespan.

Additional points:

  • The ideal pH range for drinking water is between 6.5 and 8.5.聽Consult with your local 草莓社区 water treatment professionals for specific guidance based on your local context.
  • Professional analysis, done through the Pentiar water lab, offers the most accuracy and detail.
  • Remember,聽maintaining proper pH alongside other water quality parameters like hardness and chlorine levels contributes to a holistic approach to water management at home.

Total Dissolved Solids

Understanding Water Quality:

  • General Indicator:聽TDS measures the total amount of dissolved minerals and inorganic substances in water.聽While not conclusive,聽a high TDS value might indicate potential concerns like hardness,聽salinity,聽or contamination.
  • Taste and Odor:聽High TDS can contribute to an unpleasant taste or odor in water due to mineral content.聽Testing helps identify such issues and allows for filtration solutions to improve your water's palatability.

Managing Appliances and Plumbing:

  • Scale Buildup:聽High TDS often signifies hard water,聽prone to forming scale deposits in pipes and appliances.
  • Corrosion:聽While less common,聽very low TDS water can be corrosive to metal pipes.聽If concerned about low TDS levels,聽consult a water treatment professional for specific recommendations.

Making Informed Decisions:

  • Seeking Alternative Sources:聽If your TDS level is concerning,聽further testing for specific contaminants and consulting with professionals can help you decide if seeking alternative water sources is necessary.
  • Choosing Filtration Systems:聽Understanding your TDS level can guide you in choosing the right filtration system for your needs.聽Some systems may be more effective than others depending on the specific components contributing to your high TDS.

Overall, testing for TDS offers valuable insights into your water's overall mineral content and can be a helpful indicator for potential issues like hardness or taste concerns. However, it's crucial to interpret TDS results in conjunction with other tests and professional guidance to ensure comprehensive water quality understanding and informed decision-making for your household.

Turbidity

While not mandatory in all situations, testing for turbidity in your water as a homeowner offers several valuable benefits and peace of mind:

Understanding Water Quality:

  • Indicator of Potential Problems:聽Turbidity measures the cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles like clay,聽silt,聽organic matter,聽or even microorganisms.聽While not directly harmful itself,聽high turbidity can signify various issues affecting your water quality.
  • Early Detection:聽Regular testing allows for early detection of potential problems like increased pollution,聽malfunctioning treatment systems,聽or issues with your well or plumbing.

Aesthetic Concerns:

  • Unpleasant Appearance:聽Cloudy water is visually unappealing and might deter people from drinking it,聽potentially leading to dehydration.聽Testing helps identify and address such aesthetic concerns,聽encouraging proper hydration.
  • Taste and Odor:聽High turbidity can sometimes affect the taste and odor of your water,聽making it less pleasant to consume.聽Identifying these concerns through testing allows for implementing solutions like filtration to improve palatability.

Protecting Appliances and Plumbing:

  • Sediment Buildup:聽Over time,聽suspended particles causing turbidity can settle and accumulate in pipes and appliances,聽reducing water flow and efficiency.聽Testing helps identify potential issues and allows for cleaning or maintenance before facing major problems.
  • Corrosion:聽While less common,聽high turbidity can sometimes exacerbate corrosion in aging pipes.聽Identifying this risk through testing allows for taking necessary measures to protect your plumbing system.

Making Informed Decisions:

  • Maintaining Well Systems:聽For homeowners with private wells,聽regular turbidity testing is crucial for monitoring well health and effectiveness of disinfection systems.聽Identifying changes in turbidity can indicate potential contamination risks and prompt necessary actions.

Important Points to Remember:

  • Consult Professionals:聽If you have concerns about your water quality or consistently high turbidity readings,聽consult a 草莓社区 water treatment partner for expert advice and appropriate action based on your specific situation.

Testing for turbidity can be a valuable tool for homeowners to understand their water quality, identify potential issues early, make informed decisions regarding water treatment, and maintain an enjoyable water experience for their families.

What's in your water?
start here

Worried about your water? Take control with our at-home water test kit. We'll analyze your water and recommend the best filtration or softening solution for your specific needs.

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